PERTIMBANGAN KAUM ADAT DI NAGARI LASI KECAMATAN CANDUANG KABUPATEN AGAM TENTANG LARANGAN KAWIN SESUKU PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM

Abstrak

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh banyaknya keunikan Nagari Lasi, salah satunya yaitu bertahannya larangan perkawinan sesuku secara kental, walaupun telah terjadi tranformasi hukum dalam masyarakat Minangkabau secara umum. Penelitian ini membahas pertimbangan kaum adat dan dampak larangan kawin sesuku di salingka Nagari Lasi, tanggapan masyarakat terhadap adanya sanksi kawin sasuku dan analisa hukum Islam terhadap larangan kawin sesuku. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan pertimbangan kaum adat dan dampak larangan kawin sesuku di salingka Nagari Lasi, untuk mengetahui tanggapan terhadap adanya sanksi larangan kawin sesuku, serta untuk mengungkap analisa hukum Islam terhadap larangan kawin sesuku. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk kategori penelitian lapangan (field research) bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sebagai sumber data terdiri dari sumber data primer yaitu niniak mamak, pemuka agama, tokoh-tokoh dan cadiak pandai. Data didapatkan dari wawancara. Teknik Analisa data menggunakan: reduksi data, penyajian data dan menarik kesimpulan. Sementara Teknik penjamin keabsahan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pertimbangan kaum adat dan tanggapan mereka terhadap larangan kawin sasuku adalah agar jangan terjadi perpecahan dalam masyarakat yang menyebabkan satu pihak dianggap melanggar adat yang satu pihak lain bersikukuh dengan adat. Dampak pertimbangan kaum adat Nagari Lasi terhadap orang yang melanggar kawin sasuku merupakan melanggar adat secara utuh yang mengakibatkan munculnya kesenjangan sosial dan menjadi buah bibir di tengah-tengah masyarakat. Tanggapan pemuka masyarakat, bundo kanduang, generasi muda menganggap bahwa kawin sasuku ini sebagai larangan adat yang telah berlaku secara turun temurun di salingka Nagari Lasi yang wajib dipatuhi sehingga apabila larangan ini dilakukan atau dilanggar oleh masyarakat salingka Nagari Lasi akan diberikan sanksi sesuai dengan kesepakatan. Dilihat dari perspektif hukum Islam larangan kawin sasuku tidak  ada persoalan dalam hukum Islam karena tidak  membatalkan hal-hal yang dianjurkan dalam hukum Islam, akan tetapi hanya dilarang menurut adat dan jika melanggar dikenakan sanksi menurut adat.

This research is motivated by the many unique characteristics of Nagari Lasi, one of which is the strong persistence of the prohibition against intra-clan marriage, despite the broader transformation of customary law within Minangkabau society. This study discusses the considerations of traditional leaders) and the impacts of the intra-clan marriage prohibition in the Nagari Lasi area, the community’s response to the sanctions imposed on those who violate this prohibition, and an Islamic legal analysis of the custom. The purpose of this study is to explain the considerations of traditional leaders and the impact of the prohibition on intra-clan marriage in the Nagari Lasi area, to understand the community’s response to the sanctions, and to explore the Islamic legal perspective on this customary restriction. This research falls into the category of field research and is descriptive in nature, utilizing a qualitative approach. The primary data sources include traditional leaders, religious figures, community leaders, and intellectuals. The data were obtained through interviews. The data analysis techniques employed include data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Meanwhile, the validity of the data was ensured through source triangulation. The research findings show that the considerations and responses of traditional leaders regarding the intra-clan marriage prohibition are aimed at preventing social division within the community, which could arise when one party is seen as violating tradition while the other remains committed to upholding it. Violating this norm is considered a complete breach of local custom, resulting in social gaps and becoming a subject of public gossip. Community responses from traditional leaders, bundo kanduang (matriarchal figures), and the younger generation indicate that intra-clan marriage is regarded as a long-standing customary prohibition in the Nagari Lasi area that must be obeyed. Therefore, if a member of the community violates this prohibition, sanctions will be imposed based on mutual agreement. From the perspective of Islamic law, there is no legal issue concerning intra-clan marriage, as it does not invalidate any principles encouraged by Islamic teachings. However, the prohibition is rooted in custom, and any violations are subject to customary sanctions rather than religious penalties.