KEKUATAN PEMBUKTIAN TANAH ADAT DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN DI INDONESIA

Abstrak

Penelitian ini mengkaji kekuatan pembuktian tanah adat dalam sistem peradilan di Indonesia, yang menghadapi tantangan besar akibat ketidaksesuaian antara hukum positif dan hukum adat. Hukum positif Indonesia lebih mengutamakan bukti tertulis dan terdaftar secara resmi, seperti sertifikat tanah, sementara masyarakat adat sering kali bergantung pada bukti tradisional seperti kesaksian tokoh adat dan peta adat yang tidak diakui dalam sistem pertanahan negara. Meskipun diakui dalam UUD 1945, pengakuan terhadap hak atas tanah adat sering kali terhambat oleh ketidaktahuan aparat penegak hukum mengenai hukum adat dan ketidaksesuaian prosedur pembuktian. Penelitian ini menyarankan perubahan dalam praktik pengadilan untuk lebih mengakomodasi bukti non-dokumen, serta penyusunan regulasi yang lebih inklusif untuk perlindungan hak tanah adat. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat memberikan rekomendasi bagi reformasi sistem peradilan Indonesia dalam melindungi hak-hak masyarakat adat.

This research examines the strength of proof regarding customary land in the judicial system of Indonesia, which faces significant challenges due to the discrepancy between positive law and customary law. Indonesian positive law prioritizes written and officially registered proof, such as land certificates, while indigenous communities often rely on traditional evidence, such as testimonies from customary leaders and customary maps, which are not recognized in the national land registration system. Although recognized in the 1945 Constitution, the acknowledgment of customary land rights is often hindered by a lack of understanding of customary law among law enforcement officials and the mismatch in the proof procedures. This study suggests changes in court practices to better accommodate non-documentary evidence, as well as the formulation of more inclusive regulations for the protection of customary land rights. The findings of this research are expected to provide recommendations for reforming Indonesia's judicial system in protecting the rights of indigenous peoples.