PENGARUH DUKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP KEJADIAN RELAPSE SKIZOFRENIA PADA PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DI RSUD MAJALENGKA

Abstrak

Latar Belakang : Kekambuhan (relapse) pada pasien skizofrenia masih menjadi masalah utama dalam pelayanan kesehatan jiwa dan berdampak pada perburukan kondisi klinis serta penurunan kualitas hidup. Tingginya angka relapse pada pasien rawat jalan menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan terapi bukan sekadar ditetapkan pengobatan, namun aspek psikososial, khususnya dukungan keluarga dalam menjaga kepatuhan pengobatan dan stabilitas emosional pasien.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh dukungan keluarga terhadap kejadian relapse. Metode :Penelitian yakni penelitian deskriptif analitik pendekatan cross sectional dilaksanakan di Poliklinik Jiwa RSUD Majalengka. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 93 pasien skizofrenia rawat jalan ditetapkan memanfaatkan teknik purposive sampling dengan kriteria inklusi yaitu seluruh pasien skizofrenia rawat jalan RSUD Majalengka yang memiliki rekam medis lengkap di RSUD Majalengka. Data dikumpul menggunakan kuesioner Perceived Social Support from Family (PSS-Fa) guna menilai dukungan keluarga serta data rekam medis untuk menilai kejadian relapse. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji regresi logistik sederhana berbantuan program IBM SPSS Statistics versi 26. Hasil : Temuan penelitian melihatkan kebanyakan responden memiliki dukungan keluarga baik (69,9%), namun 48,4% di antaranya masih mengalami relapse. Uji regresi menunjukkan adanya pengaruh signifikan dukungan keluarga atas kejadian relapse skizofrenia bernilai p = 0,000 (p < 0,05).Pasien dukungan keluarga baik mempunyai kesempatan 12 kali lebih besar tidak mengalami relapse dibanding pasien mempunyai dukungan keluarga kurang. Kesimpulan : Terdapat pengaruh signifikan dukungan keluarga atas kejadian relapse pada pasien skizofrenia rawat jalan di RSUD Majalengka. Dukungan keluarga optimal berkontribusi penting mengurangi risiko kekambuhan dan meningkatkan keberhasilan terapi pasien skizofrenia.

Background: Relapse in patients with schizophrenia remains a major challenge in mental health services and leads to clinical deterioration as well as reduced quality of life. The high relapse rate among outpatients indicates that treatment success is not determined solely by pharmacological therapy, but also by psychosocial aspects, particularly family support in maintaining medication adherence and emotional stability. This study aimed to determine the effect of family support on the incidence of relapse. Methods:This study employed a descriptive analytic design with a cross-sectional approach and was conducted at the psychiatric outpatient clinic of RSUD Majalengka. The sample consisted of 93 outpatient schizophrenia patients selected using purposive sampling, with inclusion criteria being all outpatient schizophrenia patients at RSUD Majalengka who had complete medical records. Data were collected using the Perceived Social Support from Family (PSS-Fa) questionnaire to assess family support and medical record data to evaluate relapse incidence. Data analysis was performed using simple logistic regression with the assistance of IBM SPSS Statistics version 26.Results:The findings showed that most respondents had good family support (69.9%); however, 48.4% of them still experienced relapse. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant effect of family support on the incidence of schizophrenia relapse (p = 0.000; p < 0.05). Patients with good family support had a 12-fold higher likelihood of not experiencing relapse compared to those with poor family support. Conclusion:There is a significant effect of family support on relapse incidence among outpatients with schizophrenia at RSUD Majalengka. Optimal family support plays an important role in reducing relapse risk and improving treatment outcomes in patients with schizophrenia.