MENIKAH USIA DINI MENINGKATKAN RISIKO KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BAYI DI BAWAH USIA 2 TAHUN

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Stunting merupakan masalah gizi kronis yang masih menjadi tantangan kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia, termasuk di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sukolilo 1. Pernikahan usia dini berpotensi meningkatkan risiko stunting karena ibu yang menikah pada usia muda umumnya belum siap secara fisik maupun psikologis, serta memiliki keterbatasan dalam pengetahuan gizi dan pola asuh. Kondisi ini dapat berdampak pada kualitas kehamilan, kelahiran, serta tumbuh kembang anak. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel berjumlah 50 responden ibu yang memiliki bayi di bawah usia 2 tahun, yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara menggunakan data demografi, Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman’s rho dengan tingkat signifikansi 95% (α = 0,05). Hasil: Karakteristik responden menunjukkan mayoritas ibu berusia 20-30 tahun sebanyak 42 (84%), berpendidikan SMA (82%), dengan anak laki-laki lebih banyak (64%) dan sebagian besar baduta berusia 13–24 bulan (76%). Sebanyak 23 responden (46%) menikah usia dini dan 27 responden (54%) tidak menikah dini. Kejadian stunting ditemukan sangat tinggi yaitu pada 42 bayi (84%), sedangkan 8 bayi (16%) tidak stunting. Hasil uji Spearman’s rho menunjukkan adanya hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara menikah usia dini dan kejadian stunting dengan koefisien korelasi -0,403 dan nilai p = 0,004 (p < 0,01). Simpulan:Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara menikah usia dini dengan kejadian stunting pada bayi di bawah usia 2 tahun di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sukolilo 1. Semakin dini usia ibu menikah, semakin tinggi risiko anak mengalami stunting. Pencegahan pernikahan usia dini perlu diperkuat sebagai strategi untuk menurunkan prevalensi stunting, disertai dengan peningkatan edukasi gizi dan kesehatan reproduksi bagi calon ibu.

Background: Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that remains a public health challenge in Indonesia, including in the working area of Sukolilo 1 Public Health Center. Early marriage potentially increases the risk of stunting because mothers who marry at a young age are generally not physically or psychologically ready and have limited knowledge of nutrition and parenting. This condition can affect the quality of pregnancy, childbirth, and child growth and development. Methods: This study employed a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 50 mothers with children less than two years old, selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews using demographic questionnaires and anthropometric measurements of children. Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate analyses with Spearman’s rho correlation test at a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). Results: The characteristics of respondents showed that most mothers were aged 20-30 years (84%), had a high school education (82%), with more male children (64%), and most children were aged 13–24 months (76%). A total of 23 respondents (46%) married at an early age, while 27 respondents (54%) did not. The prevalence of stunting was very high, with 42 children (84%) being stunted and 8 children (16%) not stunted. The Spearman’s rho test indicated a significant negative relationship between early marriage and stunting, with a correlation coefficient of -0.403 and a p-value of 0.004 (p < 0.01). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between early marriage and stunting in children under two years old in the working area of Sukolilo 1 Public Health Center. The earlier the mother’s age marriage, the higher the risk of stunting in children. Strengthening early marriage prevention programs, along with improving nutrition education and reproductive health for prospective mothers, is essential to reduce the prevalence of stunting.