MEMAHAMI PENERAPAN TAHAPAN TAHAPAN MANAJEMEN PENGEMBANGAN MASYARAKAT RASULULLAH SEBAGAI PEMIMPIN UMAT

Abstrak

Kepemimpinan Nabi Muhammad SAW dalam mentransformasi masyarakat Arab Jahiliyah menjadi peradaban Madinah yang beradab dan berdaya merupakan model ideal bagi Manajemen Pengembangan Masyarakat (MPM). Kajian ini bertujuan mengurai implementasi tahapan manajemen (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling) yang diterapkan beliau sebagai Manajer Ideal, menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan MPM Rasulullah SAW terletak pada integrasi dimensi spiritual dan manajerial. Perencanaan beliau berlandaskan visi Tauhid yang jelas, dengan strategi adaptif dari pembinaan individu (Mekah) menuju pembangunan sistem (Madinah), bertujuan mencapai Baldatun Ṭayyibatun wa Rabbun Ghafūr. Pengorganisasian dicapai melalui pembentukan identitas Ummah yang solid, didukung program ukhuwah dan pendelegasian (tafwīḍ) yang efektif kepada individu kompeten. Pelaksanaan ditenagai oleh Uswah Ḥasanah(keteladanan) dan komunikasi persuasif, menumbuhkan komitmen intrinsik. Terakhir, Pengawasan dan Evaluasiditegakkan melalui mekanisme kontrol partisipatif (syura) dan akuntabilitas moral yang ketat terhadap pejabat dan praktik sosial (muamalah). Kesimpulan, model MPM ala Rasulullah SAW menawarkan kerangka kerja holistik yang mengutamakan kemaslahatan, didasarkan pada etika kepemimpinan (siddiq, amanah, fathanah, tabligh). Model ini relevan sebagai acuan strategis untuk pemberdayaan masyarakat kontemporer

The leadership of Prophet Muhammad SAW in transforming the Arabian Jahiliyah society into the civilized and empowered civilization of Madinah represents an ideal model for Community Development Management (CDM). This study aims to elaborate on the implementation of the management stages (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling) applied by him as the Ideal Manager, using a qualitative approach and library research. The results show that the success of the Prophet Muhammad's CDM lies in the integration of spiritual and managerial dimensions. His Planning was based on a clear Tawhidic vision, with adaptive strategies moving from individual character building (Mecca) to systemic development (Madinah), aiming to achieve Baldatun Ṭayyibatun wa Rabbun Ghafūr. Organizing was achieved by forming a solid Ummah identity, supported by the ukhuwah (brotherhood) program and effective delegation (tafwīḍ) to competent individuals. Actuating was driven by Uswah Ḥasanah (excellent example) and persuasive communication, fostering intrinsic commitment. Finally, Controlling and Evaluating was enforced through a participatory control mechanism (syura) and strict moral accountability for officials and social practices (muamalah). In conclusion, the Prophet Muhammad’s CDM model offers a holistic framework prioritizing maslahah (public welfare), grounded in leadership ethics (siddiq, amanah, fathanah, tabligh). This model is highly relevant as a strategic reference for contemporary community empowerment efforts