PELAKSANAAN RELAKSASI KREDIT OLEH DEBITUR FINANCE DENPASAR DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

Abstrak

Dalam mengatasi dampak pandemi Covid-19 di bidang ekonomi, OJK menerbitkan Kebijakan Restrukturisasi Kredit berdasarkan POJK Nomor 11/POJK.03/2020 tentang Stimulus Ekonomi. Kebijakan ini memungkinkan bank untuk mendukung debitur terdampak, termasuk UMKM, melalui penetapan kualitas aset dan restrukturisasi kredit. Namun, di Denpasar, tidak semua debitur dapat mengajukan relaksasi kredit karena syarat yang ditentukan, seperti kewajiban membayar bunga. Hal ini memberatkan debitur yang terkena dampak Covid-19, sehingga menciptakan kesenjangan antara kebijakan pemerintah dan pelaksanaannya di lapangan. Jenis penelitian dalam skripsi ini adalah penelitian hukum empiris. Penelitian normatif adalah penelitian hukum kepustakaan yang dilakukan dengan menganalisis pengaturan dan pelaksanaan relaksasi kredit bermasalah di lembaga pembiayaan Denpasar selama pandemi Covid-19. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Pengaturan mengenai relaksasi kredit di perusahaan pembiayaan finance di Denpasar diatur dalam Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 11/POJK.03/2020 Tentang Stimulus Perekonomian Nasional Sebagai Kebijakan Countercyclical Dampak Penyebaran Coronavirus Disease 2019 dan Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 14 /POJK.05/2020 Tentang Kebijakan Countercyclical Dampak Penyebaran Coronavirus Disease 2019 Bagi Lembaga Jasa Keuangan Nonbank.  Berdasarkan Pasal 6 POJK No. 11/POJK.03/2020, relaksasi kredit di perusahaan pembiayaan diberikan kepada debitur yang terkena dampak COVID-19, termasuk UMKM, yang mengalami penurunan pendapatan atau gangguan operasional akibat pandemi. Pelaksanaan relaksasi kredit bermasalah hanya dapat dilakukan berdasarkan pengajuan tertulis dari debitur dengan kredit yang masuk dalam kategori kurang lancar, diragukan, atau macet akibat dari dampak pandem Covid-19. Oleh karena itu, mekanisme restrukturisasi kredit ini harus benar-benar memberikan manfaat bagi debitur, karena tujuannya adalah untuk meringankan beban angsuran mereka di lembaga keuangan, baik Bank maupun Non-Bank. Namun, terdapat kesenjangan antara kebijakan pemerintah yang tertuang dalam Perpu Nomor 1 Tahun 2020, yang dirancang untuk menjaga stabilitas keuangan selama pandemi, dengan praktik di lapangan. Beberapa lembaga pembiayaan tidak memberikan keringanan yang cukup berarti bagi debitur.

In addressing the economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, the Financial Services Authority (OJK) issued a Credit Restructuring Policy based on OJK Regulation Number 11/POJK.03/2020 concerning Economic Stimulus. This policy allows banks to support affected debtors, including MSMEs, through asset quality determination and credit restructuring. However, in Denpasar, not all debtors can apply for credit relaxation due to certain conditions, such as the obligation to continue paying interest. This has burdened debtors impacted by Covid-19, creating a gap between government policies and their implementation in the field. The type of research in this thesis is empirical legal research. Normative research is a literature-based legal study that analyzes the regulations and implementation of non-performing loan relaxation at financing institutions in Denpasar during the Covid-19 pandemic. The results show that credit relaxation regulations in finance companies in Denpasar are governed by Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 11/POJK.03/2020 on National Economic Stimulus as a Countercyclical Policy Against the Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Spread and Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 14/POJK.05/2020 on Countercyclical Policy for the Impact of the Spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 for Non-Bank Financial Institutions. According to Article 6 of POJK No. 11/POJK.03/2020, credit relaxation in finance companies is provided to debtors affected by COVID-19, including MSMEs, who experienced a decline in income or operational disruptions due to the pandemic. The implementation of non-performing loan relaxation can only be done based on a written request from debtors whose loans are classified as substandard, doubtful, or non-performing due to the impact of Covid-19. Therefore, the credit restructuring mechanism must truly benefit debtors, as its goal is to ease their installment burdens at financial institutions, both Banks and Non-Banks. However, there is a gap between the government policy outlined in Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2020, designed to maintain financial stability during the pandemic, and the reality in the field. Some financing institutions do not provide significant relief to debtors.