ANALISIS YURIDIS TERHADAP KASUS PERJANJIAN PRANIKAH HAK MILIK HARTA ANTARA SUAMI DAN ISTRI PASCA PERCERAIAN

(STUDI PUTUSAN NOMOR 688/PDT.G/2023/PN JKT.TIM. 17 JULI 2024)

Abstrak

Das Sein: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keabsahan dan kekuatan mengikat perjanjian hak milik harta antara suami dan istri pasca perceraian serta mengkaji pertimbangan hukum Majelis Hakim dalam memutus perkara wanprestasi pada Putusan Nomor 688/Pdt.G/2023/PN JKT.TIM. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya sengketa terkait pelaksanaan perjanjian pembagian atau pengalihan hak atas harta bersama setelah perceraian yang menimbulkan kerugian bagi salah satu pihak akibat tidak dipenuhinya kewajiban sebagaimana diperjanjikan.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach), dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Bahan hukum yang digunakan terdiri atas bahan hukum primer berupa Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (KUHPerdata), Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan beserta perubahannya, serta Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Timur Nomor 688/Pdt.G/2023/PN JKT.TIM, yang dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif-analitis.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian hak milik harta yang dibuat antara mantan suami dan istri tetap sah dan mempunyai kekuatan mengikat sepanjang memenuhi syarat sah perjanjian sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata serta dilaksanakan berdasarkan asas pacta sunt servanda sebagaimana Pasal 1338 KUHPerdata. Wanprestasi terjadi apabila salah satu pihak tidak melaksanakan akan kewajiban yang telah diperjanjikan, baik berupa tidak memenuhi prestasi, terlambat memenuhi prestasi, maupun memenuhi prestasi tidak sebagaimana mestinya. Da lam Putusan Nomor 688/Pdt.G/2023/PN JKT.TIM, pertimbangan hakim berfokus pada keabsahan perjanjian, kedudukan hukum para pihak, status objek harta yang disengketakan, terpenuhinya unsur-unsur wanprestasi, serta bentuk pertanggungjawaban hukum yang harus diberikan kepada pihak yang dirugikan.

This study aims to analyze the validity and binding legal force of property ownership agreements between former spouses following divorce, as well as to examine the legal considerations of the Panel of Judges in adjudicating a breach of contract dispute in Decision Number 688/Pdt.G/2023/PN JKT.TIM. This research is motivated by a dispute concerning the implementation of an agreement on the division or transfer of rights to marital property after divorce, which resulted in losses for one of the parties due to the other party's failure to fulfill the obligations stipulated in the agreement. This study employs a normative legal research method using a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach. The legal materials consist of primary legal sources, including the Indonesian Civil Code (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata), Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage as amended, and the Decision of the East Jakarta District Court Number 688/Pdt.G/2023/PN JKT.TIM. These legal materials are analyzed qualitatively using a descriptive-analytical method.The findings of this study indicate that a property ownership agreement entered into between former spouses following divorce remains valid and legally binding, provided that it fulfills the requirements for a valid contract as stipulated in Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata) and is performed in accordance with the principle of pacta sunt servanda as embodied in Article 1338 of the Indonesian Civil Code. A breach of contract occurs when one party fails to perform the obligations agreed upon, whether by failing to perform the agreed performance, performing it late, or performing it improperly. In Decision Number 688/Pdt.G/2023/PN JKT.TIM, the Panel of Judges based its legal considerations on the validity of the agreement, the legal standing of the parties, the legal status of the disputed property, the fulfillment of the elements constituting a breach of contract, and the form of legal liability to be imposed on the party responsible for the losses suffered by the aggrieved party.