OUKUP ETNIK BATAK KARO: KAJIAN EKOLINGUISTIK

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi oukup sebagai salah satu bentuk pengobatan tradisional dalam masyarakat etnik Batak Karo melalui pendekatan ekolinguistik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi langsung di lapangan, wawancara mendalam, serta dokumentasi. Lokasi penelitian berpusat di Desa Rumah Kabanjahe, Kecamatan Kabanjahe, Kabupaten Karo, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan pendekatan ekolinguistik menurut teori Haugen, yang menitikberatkan pada keterkaitan antara bahasa dan lingkungan. Adapun hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa 1) terdapat cara pembuatan, penggunaan, dan manfaat, 2) terdapat 10 Leksikon sangat dekat yang tumbuh di lingkungan sekitar rumah (batang cekala, pia, lasuna, bahing gara, kaciwer, kelawas, sere, belo, rimo acem, rimo mungkur), 21 leksikon dekat yang tumbuh di ladang (bulung rimo, bulung rimo mungkur, bulung kayu mbentar, bulung paris, bulung pirawas, bulung kulit manis, bulung sarincayo, bulung cumangi, bulung nilam, bulung ruku-ruku, alia, bahing, kuning gersing, laja, lada mbiring, lempuyang, rempah ratus, temu item, pedi-pedi, temu-temu), 3 leksikon sangat jauh yang tumbuh di hutan dan daerah lain (rimo begu, rimo kuku harimo, rimo kersik).

This research aims to explore oukup as a form of traditional medicine in the ethnic Karo Batak community through an ecolinguistic approach. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form of direct observation in the field, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The research location was centered in Kabanjahe House Village, Kabanjahe District, Karo Regency, North Sumatra Province. The collected data were analyzed with an ecolinguistic approach according to Haugen's theory, which focuses on the relationship between language and the environment. The results showed that 1) there are ways of making, using, and benefits, 2) there are 10 very close lexicons that grow in the environment around the house (batang cekala, pia, lasuna, bahing gara, kaciwer, kelawas, sere, belo, rimo acem, rimo mungkur), 21 close lexicons that grow in the fields (bulung rimo, bulung rimo mungkur, bulung kayu mbentar, bulung paris, bulung pirawas, bulung kulit manis, bulung sarincayo, bulung cumangi, bulung nilam, bulung ruku-ruku, alia, bahing, kuning gersing, laja, lada mbiring, lempuyang, rempah ratus, temu item, pedi-pedi, temu-temu), 3 very distant lexicons that grow in forests and other areas (rimo begu, rimo kuku harimo, rimo kersik).